When I first heard upper and lower Egypt, I thought upper meant north and lower meant south but that is not the case in Egypt. It is based around the Nile: lower is north because this is where the Nile goes out to the sea. Once they were actually different countries but then Pharaoh Menes unified the two and so he wore a double crown like in the picture above.
When many people think of Egypt they think of pyramids but at this time pyramids had not been built, they were built in the third dynasty. King Djoser’s architect, Imhotep, built the first pyramid by placing six mastabas, each smaller than the one beneath, in a stack to form a pyramid rising in steps. This Step Pyramid stands on the west bank of the Nile River at Sakkara near Memphis. These pyramids were used as a kind of tomb for a pharaoh (king). Pharaohs went on building step Pyramids for a while, then the first king of the fourth dynasty built a non step Pyramid. Pharaoh Snefru, probably built the step pyramid of Maydūm and then modified it to form the first true pyramid.
Then Pharaoh Khafre did something a bit different and he built or rather he ordered for the Sphinx to be built to guard him. The Sphinx is half lion half pharaoh.
Then in around the 18th dynasty they decided that building big Pyramids was not the best idea, because it told tomb robbers that there was treasure there, so they decided to build a royal burial ground for pharaohs in a valley. It was easier for guards to guard one area than all these different Pyramids.
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